Park
Independence Square
XF28+X4M, C. 6a Este, Panamá, Provincia de Panamá
Colonial cathedral plaza where two declarations of independence were read from its stone balconies.
This guide to Independence Square in Panama City follows Juan Tovar, the Colombian commander sent by train in 1903 to crush a separatist uprising, and the railway officials and rebels who arranged his arrival. It traces the roles of General Esteban Huertas, already secretly allied with the rebels, and the French engineer Philippe Bunau-Varilla, who wired a hundred-thousand-dollar check to keep the plot funded. It also reaches back eighty-two years, to Panama's earlier, equally bought break from Spain.
Audio guides are written and narrated by AI.